Educational System

CUBA'S EDUCATION SYSTEM

Cuba's educational system has undergone significant improvements over the years. By the early 1900s, although the country had a strong educational system, its benefits were limited to only half of the children in Cuba. Unfortunately, the poorest Cubans were unable to access schools, resulting in a low literacy rate, especially in rural areas. Prior to 1959, a staggering 22% of Cubans over the age of 15 were illiterate, and an additional 60% were semi-literate due to limited education.

However, after the Cuban Revolution, the new government prioritized the reconstruction of the education system. They established a comprehensive list of five key objectives, which served as the foundation for Cuba's educational reforms. One of the most significant changes was the introduction of mandatory elementary education, ensuring that all children, regardless of their socio-economic background, had the opportunity to receive an education. This particularly benefited children living in poverty, as they now had access to education completely free of charge, a privilege that was previously beyond their reach.

In Cuba, school attendance is compulsory from the ages of 6 to 15 or 16, encompassing basic secondary education. Notably, all students, regardless of age or gender, are required to wear school uniforms, with the color representing their grade level. Primary education spans a duration of six years, while secondary education is divided into basic and pre-university levels. The primary and secondary school curricula are built upon principles of "hard work, self-discipline, and love of country", ensuring a holistic approach to education.

Upon completion of basic secondary education, students have the option to pursue pre-university education or technical and professional training. Those who choose the pre-university track are awarded the Bachillerato qualification. On the other hand, technical training offers two levels of qualification - skilled worker and middle-level technician. Graduating from this program grants access to technological institutes.

Higher education in Cuba is primarily provided by public universities, higher institutes, higher pedagogical institutes, centers of higher education, and higher polytechnic institutes. The Ministry of Higher Education (Ministerio de Educacion Superior (MES)) oversees undergraduate and postgraduate education, governing aspects such as teaching methods, courses and programs, student allocations, and specialization courses offered by various higher education centers. It is worth noting that all institutions hold equal status. Currently, Cuba boasts 47 universities, with an approximate enrollment of 112,000 students.

Furthermore, Cuba extends its educational offerings to foreign nationals through state-subsidized programs. Notably, U.S. students have the opportunity to study medicine at the Latin American School of Medicine, where they receive full scholarships, including accommodation. The aim of this program is for graduates to return to the U.S. and provide affordable healthcare services to underserved communities.

Overall, Cuba's educational system has made significant strides in ensuring accessibility and quality education for all, even beyond its own borders. The reforms enacted after the Cuban Revolution have played a crucial role in expanding educational opportunities and narrowing the literacy gap in the country.